Quality (Health Coverage)

To judge the quality of media coverage health information, research mostly focuses on ten criteria: adequately discussion costs, quantification benefits, explanation and potential harms, comparison new idea with existing alternatives, independence sources conflicts interests, avoidance disease mongering, review methodology or evidence, true novelty availability idea, approach product as well giving information that go beyond a news release (Schwitzer, 2008, 2014; Smith et al., 2005). Other dimensions applied in content analyses are diversity, completeness, relevance, understandability objectiveness (Reineck, Reineck & Hölig, 2013). These criteria increasingly relevant people use online more frequently addition to from their physician for medical decision making (Wang, Xiu, Shahzad, 2019). Thus, analyzing becomes even relevant. As Schwitzer (2017) points out, there is variety problems due hurried, incomplete, poorly researched news. measure quality, can be compared original paper (e.g., Ashorkhani 2012) continuously judged by journalist, experts independent organizations such HealthNewsReview respect different Schwitzer, 2008; Selvaraj 2014). Field application/theoretical foundation: Online making, journalism studies References/combination other methods: Focus group discussions journalists, editors-in-chief gatekeepers (Ashorkhani 2012), focus consumers (Marshall Williams, 2006) Example studies: Anhäuser Wormer (2012); (2008); (2014); Hölig (2013); (2014) Information 2013 Authors: Dennis Reineck, Sascha Research question: Which factors contribute journalism? Object analysis: Sample all health-related articles four German newspapers: Süddeutsche Zeitung (n = 167), Die Welt 426), Frankfurter Rundschau 219) die tageszeitung 84) Time frame March, 1, 2010 February, 28, 2011 Info about variables Variables: Variables defining five newspaper articles, deduction index: coding 0 100 each indicator variables, index article based these Level Quality dimension Variable Indicator(s) Diversity (rH= 0.78) Quantitative diversity Length Source Number Opinion Discussion contrary opinions Completeness 0.86) Journalistic completeness scientific risks For diseases: prevention, symptoms remedies Scientific method, sample results Risks treatment options: addressing side effects Relevance 0.85) credibility Sources highest reputation Usefulness Take-home-messages, references additional Newsworthiness News topicality) Understandability Simplicity vs. complexity language Structure Well-structured inadequately structured presentation Conciseness Concise circuitous Storytelling matter-of-fact Objectiveness 0.95) Emotionalization Emotional Dramatization References Anhäuser, M., Wormer, H. (2012). A question quality: Criteria evaluation science reporting testing applicability. PCST 2012 Book Papers: Quality, Honesty Beauty Science Technology Communication. http://www.medien-doktor.de/medizin/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/downloads/2014/04/Paper-Florenz.pdf Ashorkhani, Gholami, J., Maleki, K., Nedjat, S., Mortazavi, Majdzadeh, R. disseminated print developing countries: case study Iran. BMC Public Health, 12, 627. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-627 Marshall, L. A., D. (2006). Health information: does count consumer? Journal Librarianship Science, 38(3), 141–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000606066575 (2014). Placebo oder Aufklärung mit Wirkpotenzial? Eine Diagnose der Qualität Gesundheitsberichterstattung überregionalen Tageszeitungen. In V. Lilienthal (Ed.), im Gesundheitsjournalismus: Perspektiven aus Wissenschaft und Praxis (Vol. 325, pp. 39–60). Springer VS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-02427-7_3 D., S. (2013). Patient inhaltsanalytische Untersuchung C. Rossmann M. Hastall (Eds.), Medien + Gesundheit: Band 6. Gesundheitskommunikation: Befunde, Entwicklungen, Herausforderungen (1st ed., 19–31). Nomos. G. (2008). How do US journalists cover treatments, tests, products, procedures? An 500 stories. PLoS Medicine, 5(5), e95. guide reading care JAMA Internal 174(7), 1183–1186. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1359 (2017). Pollution BMJ (Clinical Ed.), 356, j1262. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j1262 Selvaraj, Borkar, Prasad, Media journals: Do best make news? PloS One, 9(1), e85355. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085355 Smith, E., Wilson, A. Henry, (2005). Monitoring reporting: Early experience doctor. The Medical Australia, 183(4), 190–193.